Egg in a Bottle Demonstration

The egg in a bottle demonstration is an easy chemistry or physics demonstration you can do at home or in the lab. You set an egg on top of a bottle (as pictured). You change the temperature of the air inside the container either by dropping a piece of burning paper into the bottle or by directly heating/cooling the bottle. Air pushes the egg into the bottle. Materials Peeled hard-boiled egg (or soft-boiled, if a yolky mess interests you)Flask or jar with an opening slightly smaller than the diameter of the eggPaper/lighter or very hot water or very cold liquid In a chemistry lab, this demonstration is most commonly performed using a 250-ml flask and a medium or large egg. If you are trying this demonstration at home, you can use a glass apple juice bottle. If you use too large of an egg, it will get sucked into the bottle, but stuck (resulting in a gooey mess if the egg was soft-boiled). We recommend a medium egg for most bottles. An extra-large egg gets wedged in the bottle. Perform the Demonstration Method 1: Set a piece of paper on fire and drop it into the bottle. Set the egg on top of the bottle (small side pointed downward). When the flame goes out, the egg will get pushed into the bottle.Method 2: Set the egg on the bottle. Run the bottle under very hot tap water. Warmed air will escape around the egg. Set the bottle on the counter. As it cools, the egg will be pushed into the bottle.Method 3: Set the egg on the bottle. Immerse the bottle in a very cold liquid. We have heard of this being done using liquid nitrogen, but that sounds dangerous (could shatter the glass). We recommend trying ice water. The egg is pushed in as the air inside the bottle is chilled. How It Works If you just set the egg on the bottle, its diameter is too large for it to slip inside. The pressure of the air inside and outside of the bottle is the same, so the only force that would cause the egg to enter the bottle is gravity. Gravity isnt sufficient to pull the egg inside the bottle. When you change the temperature of the air inside the bottle, you change the pressure of the air inside the bottle. If you have a constant volume of air and heat it, the pressure of the air increases. If you cool the air, the pressure decreases. If you can lower the pressure inside the bottle enough, the air pressure outside the bottle will push the egg into the container. Its easy to see how the pressure changes when you chill the bottle, but why is the egg pushed into the bottle when heat is applied? When you drop burning paper into the bottle, the paper will burn until the oxygen is consumed (or the paper is consumed, whichever comes first). Combustion heats the air in the bottle, increasing the air pressure. The heated air pushes the egg out of the way, making it appear to jump on the mouth of the bottle. As the air cools, the egg settles down and seals the mouth of the bottle. Now there is less air in the bottle than when you started, so it exerts less pressure. When the temperature inside and outside the bottle is the same, there is enough positive pressure outside the bottle to push the egg inside. Heating the bottle produces the same result (and may be easier to do if you cant keep the paper burning long enough to put the egg on the bottle). The bottle and the air are heated. Hot air escapes from the bottle until the pressure both inside and outside the bottle is the same. As the bottle and air inside continue to cool, a pressure gradient builds, so the egg is pushed into the bottle. How to Get the Egg Out You can get the egg out by increasing the pressure inside the bottle so that it is higher than the pressure of the air outside of the bottle. Roll the egg around so it is situated with the small end resting in the mouth of the bottle. Tilt the bottle just enough so you can blow air inside the bottle. Roll the egg over the opening before you take your mouth away. Hold the bottle upside down and watch the egg fall out of the bottle. Alternatively, you can apply negative pressure to the bottle by sucking the air out, but then you risk choking on an egg, so thats not a good plan.

Gender Inequality and Parenting - 804 Words

Most parents try to give their children equal opportunities regardless of their gender. But parents tend to be more protective over their daughters than their sons. Some parents say this is because females are an easier prey. Raising children with gender stereotypes is unfair and can lead to problems such as pressure and high levels of disobedience. Children feel pressured now because if they do not act according to their gender stereotypes or how society wants them to behave, they get shamed and humiliated for not following in society’s rules.As a parent you try to give your children the best, but sometimes that’s just not enough. While some parents think that their rules are equal to both their sons and daughters, these parents tend to put more pressure and rules towards their daughters. While some may claim this is necessary for safety, I believe that it’s unfair. It is true that danger and violence is easily targeted towards women and girls because of what so ciety considers â€Å"weak† but there is no question that parents are less lenient towards boys rather than girls. Society portrays women and young girls to hold a house hold together, cook, clean, watch the kids, etc. Most women and girls are not even expected to get far in education, and even some STEM field subjects like science, technology, engineering, and mathematics have always been a problem for women and young girls because these subjects are more male dominated. I see that there are many restrictionsShow MoreRelatedThe Gender Trap : Parents And The Pitfalls Of Raising Boys And Girls Essay1240 Words   |  5 PagesName Course Tutor Date Book Review of â€Å"The Gender Trap: Parents and the Pitfalls of Raising Boys and Girls† by Kane Emily W. This is a book that explains why the gender trap is not the parent’s fault, but a social construction. 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The Marginal Propensity to Consume

Questions: a. Describe what is meant by the marginal propensity to consume (mpc) and give its formula. b. Assume that GDP rises from $550bn to $650bn. Assume that this results in the consumption of goods and services rising from $340bn to $400bn. What is the mpc? c. Assuming that the domestic mpc remains constant, what will the level of consumption be if GDP rises to $700bn? d. If Australian consumption of goods and services is $400bn, investment is $120bn, government expenditure is $150bn, exports of goods and services are $140bn and imports of goods and services are $145bn, what is the level of aggregate expenditure (E)? e. Given your answer to (d), and assuming that GDP is currently $650bn, what will happen to GDP? Answers: (a). The marginal propensity to consume (MPC) refers as division of a total increment in pay that a customer spends on the utilization of products and in addition services, in preference to save it. Moreover, MPC plays a significant role in order to calculate the percentage of extra income that is used on consumption. MPC is an important component of Keynesian macroeconomic theory (Bilbiie Straub, 2006). Along with this, MPC is ascertained separating the adjustment in consumption by the change in income. In addition, the formula is as below: MPC = C / Y In this formula, C indicates the change in consumption, whereas Y points toward change in income (Gnos, Rochon, 2008). Hence, the formula is helpful to calculate MPC in an accurate and an appropriate manner. (b). MPC represents the changes in income because of changes in consumption. In the given question, GDP ascends from $550bn to $650bn. Moreover, the outcomes in the consumption of goods and services are ascending from $340bn to $400bn. The MPC is calculated as below: MPC = Change in Consumption / Change in GDP Change in Consumption = $400bn - $340bn = $60bn Change in GDP = $650bn - $550bn = $100bn MPC = $60bn/$100bn = .6 As a result; by considering all the given data the MPC is .6. (c). If the domestic MPC remains constant .6 and the GDP rise to $700bn then the level of consumption would be: = $700bn/ (1-.6) = $700bn/ (.4) = 1750 (d).Consumption of goods and services = $400bn Investment = $120bn Government expenditure = $150bn Exports of goods and services = $140bn Imports of goods and services = $145bn The level of aggregate expenditure AE = C + I + G + NX (Hubbard, Garnett, Lewis, 2012). = 400 + 120 + 150 + (140-145) = 665 At this point; C = Consumption: The household consumption over a specific time period. I = Investment: The amount of expenditure towards the capital goods. G = Government Expenditure: The amount of spending by governments (federal, state, and local governments). Government expenditure can take in infrastructure or else transfers that may increase the total expenditure in the economy. NX = Net exports: (Total exports- total imports). (e). Given answer to (d), and assuming that GDP is currently $650bn, and then the GDP will rise instead of fall or stay the same. The main reason behind it is that, according to the expenditure approach, aggregate expenditure is considered as a major part of GDP calculation. For that reason, if the aggregate expenditure will increase then it will increase the GDP in an automatic manner (Hubbard, Garnett, Lewis, O'Brien, 2014). Moreover, expenditure method is the most common method that is used in order to calculate GDP in an accurate manner. The formula for its calculation is given as below: GDP = C + G + I + NX On the basis of the above formula, it can be said that, the expenditure method involves aggregate expenditure to calculate the GDP. In this way, in this situation the GDP will rise. References Ashwin, A., Taylor, M., Mankiw, N.G. (2016). Business Economics. Cengage Learning. Aust. Bureau of Statistics (n.d.). Year book, Australia. Aust. Bureau of Statistics. Baumol, W., Blinder, A. (2008). Economics: Principles and Policy (11th ed.). Cengage Learning. Bilbiie, F., Straub, R. (2006). Asset Market Participation, Monetary Policy Rules, and the Great Inflation. International Monetary Fund. Denniss, R. (2001). Measuring Employment in the 21 st Century (No. 36). Australia Institute (n.a.), 1-35. Gnos, C., Rochon, L. (2008). The Keynesian Multiplier. Routledge. Grant, S. (2014). Cambridge IGCSE Economics Student's Book. Cambridge University Press. Harbury, C. (2013). Economic Behaviour (Routledge Revivals): An Introduction. Routledge. Hubbard, G., Garnett, A., Lewis, P. (2012). Essentials of Economics. Pearson Higher Education AU. Hubbard, R.G., Garnett, A.M., Lewis, P., O'Brien, A. P. (2014). Macroeconomics. Pearson Australia. Layton, A., Robinson, T.J.C., Tucker, I.B. (2011). Economics for Today. Cengage Learning. Marthinsen, J.E. (2008). Managing in a Global Economy: Demystifying International Macroeconomics: Demystifying International Macroeconomics. Cengage Learning. Mayo, H.B. (2011). Basic Finance: An Introduction to Financial Institutions, Investments and Management (10th ed.). Cengage Learning. McEachern, W.A. (2008). Macroeconomics: A Contemporary Introduction (8th ed.). Cengage Learning. Mitchell, W., Muysken, J. (2008). Full Employment Abandoned: Shifting Sands and Policy Failures. Edward Elgar Publishing. Mulhearn, C., Vane, H. (2011). Economics for Business. Palgrave Macmillan. Sherman, H., Meeropol, M.A. (2015). Principles of Macroeconomics: Activist Vs Austerity Policies. Routledge. Tragakes, E. (2011). Economics for the IB Diploma with CD-ROM. Cambridge University Press. Weale, M., Blake, A., Christodoulakis, N., Meade, J. E., Vines, D. (2015). Macroeconomic Policy: Inflation, Wealth and the Exchange Rate. Routledge. Welch, P.J., Welch, G.F. (2009). Economics: Theory and Practice (9th ed.). John Wiley Sons.

My Views on Patriotism free essay sample

Jose Luna Mrs. Peterson English 12, P. 2 1/21/12 Patriotism Many people think patriotism means supporting your government during times of war. I don’t believe that for many reasons. I think you can have patriotism and not support your country. I don’t think patriotism means supporting your government in times of war. A reason I am against this belief is because it is not always the same thing to be a good man and be a good citizen or patriot What if the government is doing something bad like telling us who to hate or you would be one of them. Would you hate them and be a good American or would you be human and ask why? This has happened before in the USA and is known as McCarthyism. I f you spoke out against the government you would be branded a communist. Eventually more and more people came to their senses and began to rebel against the government. We will write a custom essay sample on My Views on Patriotism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Another Reason I don’t agree with this Idea is because what if our country was invading another for the wrong reason and killing thousands of innocent lives. I think a life is worth more than some resources. Would you stand be your government knowing its killing innocent people for a profit? A country that has done this is the USA, it has invaded many countries for it resources. My final reason is you don’t have to support your government to have patriotism. Patriotism is the love for your country. The government and the country are two very different things. The government is the way a place is governed. I believe we should always be loyal to our country and loyal to the government only when it deserves it. An example happened a long time ago in the time of the Aztecs and the Spanish Conquistadors. Montezuma (Aztec king)  was  stoned to death  by his  own people because he represented the he Represented the Agenda of White Spaniards Once He Was Captured. If Montezuma had not listened to the Spaniards then they would have supported him. In conclusion, patriotism does not mean supporting your government during times of war. To be a patriot all you have to do is love your country and be willing to sacrifice to protect it. We don’t have to support the government but we do have to defend it from threats including from an oppressive government.